Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Concepts and Applications

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming radiology by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and enabling data-driven decision-making. As imaging volumes grow and clinical demands increase, AI tools are becoming integral to modern radiological practice. In this paper, we review the core concepts of AI—including machine learning, deep learning, and image preprocessing—and their relevance to radiology. We highlight key clinical applications across modalities such as X-ray, CT, and MRI, covering tasks like classification, segmentation, detection, and image enhancement. The paper also discusses current challenges and future directions, with a focus on explainable AI, federated learning, and clinical integration.

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